for future reference in this section summarizes the laws in 17 years of the Second Republic (or alleged), the interests of a few privileged citizens, to the detriment of all others. A
today there are 80, here's the first.
first Berlusconi government: the center-right
1) Order 1994 Biondi
Di Marco Travaglio
from the number 1 / 2011 of MicroMega
There are places away from the mafia infiltration. The contrary inevitably leads to "tragic awakening." As was the case in Emilia Romagna, a rich region of northern Italy to believe his story of having antibodies to oppose the entrenchment of mafia. The cradle of the Italian Resistance is now forced to deal with the effects of the criminal presence, as occurred in the province of Reggio Emilia. According to a builder the building boom that has affected over two thousand years the area was fed for 50% of illicit money.
A resounding complaint clearly and indignantly denied by the authorities. Yet the elements not to be considered are too many emerging and increasingly now that the crisis is hitting hard on the field. But there are no data on money the banks have launched alerts, the police either. In general silence about the illegality committed by building speculators, ten thousand cubic meters of concrete have eroded in record time depopulated the countryside and old towns.
EST Project. From an idea of \u200b\u200bthe Ilaria Alpi, in collaboration with FLARE Network and Romanian Association of Investigative Journalism.
ask ourselves what is it for young people with the Constitution. What can you do to make young people feel the Constitution as a thing to them, because they feel that in defending, in developing the Constitution, continues, albeit in different forms, the resistance to which their older brothers exhibited, and many lost, their lives.
This program was accomplished. But the program of peace, was made at a later date. It was the Constitution.
The Constitution must be regarded, not as a dead law, must be considered, and is, as a political program. The Constitution contiene in sé un programma politico concordato, diventato legge, che è obbligo realizzare.
La nostra Costituzione, lo riconoscono anche i socialisti, non è una Costituzione che ponga per meta all’Italia la trasformazione della società socialista. La Costituzione è nata da un compromesso fra diverse ideologie. Vi ha contribuito l’ispirazione mazziniana, vi ha contribuito il marxismo, vi ha contribuito il solidarismo cristiano. Questi vari partiti sono riusciti a mettersi d’accordo su un programma comune che si sono impegnati a realizzare. La parte più viva, più vitale, più piena d’avvenire, della Costituzione, non è costituita da quella struttura d’organi costituzionali che ci sono e potrebbero essere anche diversi: la parte vera e vitale della Costituzione è quella che si può chiamare programmatica, quella che pone delle mete che si debbono gradualmente raggiungere e per il raggiungimento delle quali vale anche oggi, e più varrà in avvenire, l’impegno delle nuove generazioni.
Nella nostra Costituzione c’è un articolo che è il più impegnativo, impegnativo per noi che siamo al declinare, ma soprattutto per voi giovani che avete l’avvenire davanti. Esso dice: “E’ compito della Repubblica rimuovere gli ostacoli d’ordine economico e sociale che, limitando di fatta la libertà e l’eguaglianza dei cittadini, impediscono il pieno sviluppo della persona umana e l’effettiva partecipazione di tutti i lavoratori all’organizzazione politica, economica e sociale del paese”.
“E’ compito… di rimuovere gli ostacoli che impediscono il pieno sviluppo della persona umana”! Quindi dare lavoro a tutti, dare una giusta retribuzione a tutti, dare la scuola a tutti, dare a tutti gli uomini dignità d’uomini.
Soltanto quando questo sarà raggiunto si potrà veramente affermare che la formula contenuta nell’articolo 1: “L’Italia è una Repubblica fondata sul lavoro”, corrisponderà alla realtà. Perché fino a che non c’è questa possibilità for every man to work and study and draw on their work safely with the means to live as a man, not only for our Republic will not be able to call based on the work, but you can call even democratic, because a democracy in which no there is this de facto equality, where there is only an equality of right, is a democracy in which all citizens are enabled to truly participate in society, to bring their best contribution, in which all forces spiritual of all citizens are made to contribute to this process, this continuous progress of society. And then you understand from this that our Constitution is in part a reality, but only in part, is still part of a program, a commitment, a job to do.
How much work you have to be done! How much work lies before you!
E 'has rightly been said that the Constitutions of the controversy, which in the articles of the Constitutions is always there, even if disguised by cold formulation of the rules, a polemic. This controversy is usually a polemic against the recent past, the regime fell from which it came out of the new regime. If you read the part of the Constitution which refers to the relations of civil and political rights of freedom, you constantly hear the argument against what was the situation before the Republic, when all Today these freedoms are listed and solemnly reaffirmed were systematically disregarded. And it is natural that in the articles of the Constitution there are still echoes of this resentment and there is a polemic against the regime fell, and a commitment not to resurrect this scheme, not to repeat again and allow those same insults. That is in our Constitution there are several rules that clearly state, prohibiting the recovery of the Fascist Party. But in our Constitution there is something more, especially young people must understand this.
But there is a part of the Constitution which is a polemic against the present, against the company. Because when the article says, "It 's the duty of the Republic to remove the obstacles of an economic and social obstacles to the full development of the human person," recognizes that today there are these obstacles, in fact, and that we must remove them. It gives a view, the Constitution! A controversial trial, an adverse opinion against the current social order, that must change through this instrument of law, on a gradual transformation that the Constitution has made available to Italian citizens.
But the Constitution is not a property which has defined a fixed point, it is a constitution that opens the way to the future. Not to say revolutionary because "revolution" in common parlance, means something that subverts violently. But the Constitution is a renewal, progressive, aiming at transformation of this society in which that can happen even when there are legal and political freedoms, they are rendered useless by economic inequality and the inability for many people to be citizens and realize that within them there is a spiritual flame that if he developed a compensation system could also contribute to the economic progress of society. So
polemic against the present we live in and commitment to doing everything within us to transform this situation.
Però, vedete, la Costituzione non è una macchina che una volta messa in moto va avanti da sé. La Costituzione è un pezzo di carta: lo lascio cadere e non si muove. Perché si muova bisogna ogni giorno, in questa macchina, rimetterci dentro l’impegno, lo spirito, la volontà di mantenere quelle promesse, la propria responsabilità. Per questo una delle offese che si fanno alla Costituzione è l’indifferenza alla politica, l’indifferentismo, che è, non qui per fortuna, in questo uditorio ma spesso in larghi strati, in larghe categorie di giovani. E’ un po’ una malattia dei giovani, l’indifferentismo. “La politica è una brutta cosa”. “Che me ne importa policy? ".
When I hear this speech, I am always reminded of that old little story that someone you know: two of those migrants, two peasants who cross the ocean on a rickety ship. One of these farmers slept in the hold and the other was on the bridge and noticed that there was a large storm with high waves. The ship rocked and then when the peasants, scared, asks a sailor: "But are we in danger?" And says: "If he continues this sea, the ship sank in half an hour." Then he runs into the hold, goes to wake up mate and shouts: "Beppe, Beppe, Beppe." - "What?". - "If it continues this sea, the ship sank in half an hour." And that: "What do I care, it's not mine."
This indifference to politics is so beautiful, so comfortable, there is liberty, we live under the freedom, there are other things to do than care about politics. I know myself. The world is beautiful, there are many beautiful things to see and enjoy not only involved in politics. And politics is not a pleasant thing.
But freedom is like air: you realize what it's worth when it begins to fail, when you hear that sense asphyxiation of the men of my generation have felt for twenty years and I hope you'll never hear of young people. And I hope you will not find you never feel that sense of anxiety, because you hope you manage to create the conditions for this sense of anxiety do not have to prove anything, every day reminding you that freedom must be vigilant, to watch giving its contribution to political life.
The Constitution, you see, is the statement, written in these articles from the literary point of view are not beautiful, but it is the solemn affirmation of social solidarity, human solidarity, of common fate: for, if it goes to the bottom , goes to background for all this ship.
E 'the paper of their own freedom, the paper, for each of us, the dignity of man.
I remember the first elections after the fall of fascism, June 2, 1946. These people who had enjoyed for twenty-five years the civil and political liberties, for the first time he went to vote, after a period of horror, chaos, civil war, struggles, wars, fires.
I was, I remember, in Florence. The same has happened here: these lines of people in front of the covered sections, disciplined and happy, happy because he had the feeling of having found their own dignity, that given the vote, this bring their views to help create this community of opinion, that we be masters of their own country, our country, our country, our land, we dispose of our destiny and the destiny of our country.
So you young people, the Constitution was to give your spirit, your youth, bring it to life, like what you hear, put in the public spirit, civic consciousness, realize, realize that each of us is not only is not alone; that we are more, we are also part of a whole, a whole within the limits of Italy and the world.
Now, you see, I have nothing to say to you: in this Constitution cui sentirete fare il commento nelle prossime conferenze c’è dentro tutta la nostra storia, tutto il nostro passato, tutti i nostri dolori, le nostre sciagure, le nostre gioie; essi sono tutti sfociati qui in questi articoli. E a sapere intendere, dietro questi articoli si sentono delle voci lontane.
E quando io leggo nell’art. 2: «L’adempimento dei doveri inderogabili di solidarietà politica, economica, sociale»; o quando leggo nell’art. 11: «L’Italia ripudia le guerre come strumento di offesa alla libertà degli altri popoli», la patria italiana in mezzo alle altre patrie… ma questo è Mazzini! Questa è la voce di Mazzini!
O quando io leggo Art. 8: "All religions are equally free before the law," but this is Cavour!
Or when I read in art. 5: "The Republic one and indivisible, recognizes and promotes local autonomy," but this is Cattaneo! Or when
art. I read about 52 of the armed forces: "The regulations of the armed forces on the democratic spirit of the Republic," army of people, but this is Garibaldi!
And when I read in art. 27: "It is not permitted the death penalty," but this is Beccaria! Great voices away, far away ... big names
But there are also humble names, recent entries! How much blood, how much pain to get to this constitution! Behind every article of this Constitution, or young, you have to see young people like you who fell in battle, shot, hanged, tortured, starved to death in concentration camps, died in Russia, died in Africa, died on the streets of Milan, for streets of Florence, cha gave their lives for freedom and justice could be written on this card. So when I told you that this is a dead paper, no, not a dead paper, is a testament is a testament of a hundred thousand deaths.
if you want to make a pilgrimage to the place in the birthplace of our Constitution, go to the partisans in the mountains where they fell, in the prisons where they were imprisoned in camps where they were hanged. Wherever an Italian died to redeem the freedom and dignity, or young people go there, thinking, why they came to our Constitution.
Piero Calamandrei
The Mayor has called for Monday, February 28, 2011 at 21:00, the City Council.
Agenda
walls without insulation, windows and badly assembled thin, thermal bridges between different materials, windows and floors that encourage energy waste. 
A team of engineers have analyzed 100 buildings, including apartments and offices in 15 Italian cities, and only 11 (all built in Bolzano) are "promoted." To show flaws and merits of the buildings were used infrared images made with a special machine that can highlight the thermal characteristics of materials and energy in the outer walls of the building.
"With termofoto - says Edward Zanchini, Energy Environment League - we want to make clear how important it is to have well-designed and built homes. The special images show just the difference between a house of "class A", ie with a quality standard that certifies a very low energy demand for energy for heating, and those built by hand without any attention to these issues. The first result in a better quality of life for the inhabitants due to good insulation in the walls and, with the same comfort, can significantly reduce the cost for heating in winter and do without air conditioners in summer, reducing to one-third spending heating and cooling, ie allowing a saving of between 200 and 500 euro per year per family. "
As for the residential buildings have been taken into account developments made in the last ten years, ie when the price boom, often sold at higher prices to 3/4.000 € per square meter. If you consider that the difference in cost for a house than a Class A "normal" è del 5-10%, e il prezzo di costruzione è di circa 1.000 euro a mq, si capisce come non sia un problema di costi a impedire di investire nella qualità. Per capire le differenze per chi vi abita, le termofoto di Bolzano mostrano caratteristiche omogenee delle pareti, il cui isolamento permette di evitare sbalzi termici. In questo modo si possono ridurre i costi del riscaldamento e del raffrescamento. Per fare un esempio, un edificio certificato di classe A ha bisogno di circa 30 kWh/mq anno per il riscaldamento (paragonabile alla capacità di 3 litri di gasolio per riscaldare efficientemente per un anno la superficie di 1 m²), rispetto ad un'abitazione nuova di classe C che ha bisogno di circa 70 kWh/mq anno, mentre un edificio come quelli “bocciati” from analysis, average E-class, needs more than 120 kWh / sqm per year.
were also analyzed public buildings, "for regional and municipal - said Legambiente - should set a good example by avoiding waste in their facilities, and the results are equally discouraging: rejected 18 out of 19 buildings with leaky noisy sometimes requiring a overwork the heating in winter and air conditioners in summer. The only building that is saved is the new administrative headquarters of the Province of Bolzano. In the dossier Legambiente there is also a detailed assessment on the work of the various regions on the energy performance of buildings. Promoted Provinces Of Trento and Bolzano, Lombardy and Piedmont, where the law comprehensively addressing all aspects of performance and energy certification of buildings, obligations, controls and sanctions, and where, consequently, one can find good examples of building sustainable. Promoted but subject to: Emilia-Romagna, Liguria and Puglia, where the blocks are still missing to complete the regulatory framework. Mouth for a few loopholes: Lazio, Umbria and Valle d'Aosta, with regional laws that provide information on energy efficiency is still too general. Mouthfuls for incompleteness and inadequacy of regional laws: Toscana, Veneto, Marche, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise, Sardinia, Sicily, Abruzzo.
Il quadro emerso da questo monitoraggio denota quanto poco siano cambiate, negli ultimi trent'anni, le attenzioni da parte di progettisti e costruttori nei confronti di materiali, tecnologie e modalità costruttive impiegate per il contenimento degli sprechi energetici. Secondo le stime del ministero dello Sviluppo economico, complessivamente, il peso degli usi energetici civili rappresenta circa il 50% dei consumi elettrici e il 33% di quelli energetici totali. "Diventa dunque importantissimo - conclude Legambiente - intervenire nel settore edilizio per ridurre gli sprechi e le emissioni di CO2". L'Unione Europea ha preso molto sul serio questa sfida con precise direttive che hanno reso obbligatoria, anche in Italia, energy certification of buildings in sales of new and existing ones. The recent EU Directive 31/2010 establishes that even by 2021 all new buildings must be set such that they have no need to make heating and cooling, or will be able to satisfy them through the use of renewable sources.
Monica Rubino
From site www.repubblica.it
After a long hangover of ore nearly two decades, consumption of sparkling water and natural rose from 65 to 192 liters per capita income, Italy has returned to the water do-it-yourself. Basta bottiglie di plastica (smaltirle costa quasi 250 euro a tonnellata).
Basta spese inutili. Il Belpaese ha rispolverato le brocche, scoperto le caraffe filtranti - "le vendite sono decollate", dicono alla Laica, numero uno del settore - ed è riapprodato all'autarchia idrica. Venezia - dove la campagna di Veritas (la municipalizzata locale) ha fatto aumentare del 4% il numero dei cittadini che bevono acqua di rubinetto - non è sola. L'Acea a Roma, l'Acquedotto Pugliese e quello lucano hanno "etichettato" il loro prodotto come fosse una "griffe" da ristorante due stelle Michelin. 
Presentando sui propri siti le analisi organolettiche and mineral content guaranteed by thousands (350 thousand in the capital) checks a year. Plain water has reappeared after a decade on the tables of school canteens in Rome, Milan, Florence and Bologna. Perugia, Abbiategrasso, Monterotondo, Cusano Milanino and many other small towns in Italy have installed public fountains of sparkling water to quench the thirst of their citizens. In Turin and Piedmont is playing the campaign Tvb. Not the silly and abused "I love you" by text message, but "you want to drink," the slogan that brought hundreds of kindergartens and primary designer of the region, water bottles and brochures that accompanied the return of the older drink the world for lunch, avoid filling landfills Savoy of 22 000 plastic bottles a day.
economics and ecology, in fact, this return to past national board, go hand in hand. "Tap water costs 500 times less than the industrial competitor - says Luca Martinelli Altraeconomia, author of the highly successful" Little guide to the critical water consumption "-. But as he understood Cacciari also provides a huge environmental savings. " Italy produces 12.4 billion bottles a year consuming 655,000 tonnes of oil released into the air and 910 000 tonnes of CO2 in the dust-bin 200 000 tons of polyethylene, whose disposal (only one third is recycled) is borne by citizens and local authorities. " Not only that. Eight out of 10 liters of mineral in trucks travel hundreds of miles to get from source to supermarket shelves and restaurant tables. Burning liters of diesel.
quality? "Tap water has nothing to envy in the industry - ensures Martinelli -. Each well provides that from 100 to 10 000 liters, the needs of a small town, is subject to 70 inspections a year. In larger cities, the checks are tens of thousands. And a recent ruling by the TAR, but there was no need, requires public water transparency by publishing the results of all examinations. The legal limits are strict and apply to all.
It is no coincidence that more than 1,500 restaurants in the beautiful country have joined the campaign without any hesitation "Imbrocchiamola" Legambiente, explicitly offering menus in tap water. Smooth and sparkling water. To ensure the bubbles of carbon dioxide do-it-yourself in the third millennium are no longer Idriz and Frizzina - the magical powders of the 60s - but the new gasification, diabolical gadgets that are starting to gain by leaps and bounds the kitchens of Italians .
"We have started to offer them a year ago - confirmed Claudio Tagliapietra, commercial director of Sodastream, one of the leading national -. We had people believed that a sales target for 2009 is very ambitious and we have already reached in May, traveling at 15,000 pieces per month. " On an immature market (in Sweden there are 30% of households in the gasifier, we are in percentages by code number), but also a series of agreements with local governments who are dipping in the water business of the mayor. "In Venice, the Veritas is selling off our models - concluded Tagliapietra - charged to the cost in rate bills."
The mineral industry, 321 marks, 3.5 billion turnover and 8000 employees, accused - as was inevitable - the one-two of the crisis and the revival of the tap. "The Our sales dropped last year (-1.7%) for the first time in ten years - admits Ettore Fortuna, a number of Mineracqua, the organization of the field - because the people at the supermarket gives priority to less expensive labels, snubbing high-end ones. "
Competition aqueducts? "Tap water and we are two completely different things - he says -: we recover in a reservoir deep underground, protected and pristine and bottled at the source. That the municipal has the most diverse backgrounds. Turin takes part in the Po, Arno Florence, then the need to address, and disinfect potable. One study (not yet published) commissioned by the industry and challenged by Legambiente, says Fortune, "confirms that four out of a tap water with traces of bacteriological and" man-made contaminants ".
All in values \u200b\u200bwell below the maximum limits prescribed by law, though. And in most cases - Martinelli says - because of lack of maintenance of the house systems: "The municipal provide pure water to the counter, then too often administrators forget to deal with tanks and autoclaves. The collected
faucet is not something only Italian. Michael Bloomberg, mayor of New York (a high aqueduct that draws on 13 reserves and 3 crystal clear lakes), has set much of his campaign to win their Sull'adda minerals (in the U.S. it takes a little 'less than here, even for the deadly competition from soft drinks). Although the home of Wall Street and the business were able to put a label on the market, "Tap'd NY" which sells for $ 2 a bottle bottled tap water (and there are people who bought it! ).
Paris, which had transferred to his private water systems, has backed off a few months ago. The management of Suez and Veolia - the mayor Bertrand Delanoe - had worsened the water quality and scrambled prices. And so the Comune ha ripreso il controllo del servizio.
Tutto il mondo è paese, insomma. L'autarchia idrica, complice la recessione, dilaga. Dalla Tour Eiffel all'Empire State Building, dalle case scandinave alla provincia italiana. Ultimo caso: l'apertura poche settimane fa di un distributore di H20 (si chiama proprio così) sulla strada Regina, due passi dalla villa di George Clooney sul lago di Como. Eroga, gratis, acqua limpida e purissima, liscia o gasata. Tutta prodotta della municipalizzata locale. Quella del comune di Acquaseria. Più di così...
Dal sito www.repubblica.it
E' pronta la soluzione per i rifiuti della Campania? I Napoletani pagano per l’immondizia le tasse più alte d’Italia. Possono nutrire la speranza di vedere la città pulita? 
"Presadiretta" has also collected testimony Antonio Bassolino and Rosa Russo Iervolino, the protagonists of the never-ending story of waste from Campania. To demonstrate that the problem could be solved there will be the positive example of the town of Portici: the mayor was able to start and operate the collection. A tale of Domenico Iannacone with Elizabeth and Elena Stramentinoli Camilleri. From the site
The 18 February 2011 back M'illumino less , the most ever radio campaign on energy saving devised on the globe. 
This year Caterpillar urges municipalities, associations, schools, businesses and homes all over Italy to join the initiative by creating the "energy silence" which involved the streets across Europe in recent years to make room, where possible, to ignition virtuous, based on renewable sources.
At the present stage of technological research is already possible to produce energy with the sun, the wind, the sea, the warmth of the land or biomass. Appealing to the inexhaustible Italian engineer invite everyone, from students to casual, from companies in crisis to the municipalities, to compete in the green economy by adopting a system to clean off the waste and turning on a flag setting February 18, 2010.
The campaign will start 24 January 2011, telling the radio for good manufacturing practices and intelligent consumption of energy, and giving voice to the most interesting accessions for February 18.
also abroad we will experience for the rationalization of consumption and government virtuous from the standpoint of sustainable management of energy resources. On
www.caterpillar.rai.it , you can tell them your membership and find all the materials to advertise the initiative in the workplace, at school or in your town.
